Murakaza neza bakunzi ba ktimez uyumunsi tugiye kurebera hamwe byinshi wamenya k’umuntu ushakishwa cyane n’igihugu cya Amerika. Uyu niwe muntu ushakishwa cyane kwisi. Akaba ari umuntu ushinjwa ubutasi akaba kandi ahigwa na Leta ya Amerika kuva mu mwaka wa 2013.Gusa nubwo ashakishwa na leta ya Amerika kuri ubu akaba yarahawe ubwenegihugu bw’ubu Russia abuhawe na perezida w’igihugu cy’ubu Russia nyirizina Vladmir Putin.
Ku ya 6 Kamena 2013 akaba aribwo ibinyamakuru nka The Guardian na Washington Post Zashyize hanze inkuru zitandukanye zahungabanyije isi. Aho inyandiko isobanura amabanga ndetse n’ibikorwa ikigo gishinzwe umutekano muri Amerika National Intelligence Agency (NSA) gikora mubwihisho yashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuntu utazwi.
Iyo nyandiko yatumye abanyamerika bamenyako leta yabo yabashaga kubakoraho ubutasi batabizi. Edward Snowden muri uwo mwaka akaba yari afite imyaka 29 utararangije amashuri y’isumbuye , umwe mubantu baribafite ubumenyi buhambaye mubijyanye na mudasobwa bwatumye ashobora kuba yabona akazi mu kigo gishinzwe iperereza mugihugu cya Amerika kizwi nka Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) ndetse akaba yaranabashije kuba umucancuro mukigo gishinzwe umutekano cya NSA. Ushobora guhita wibaza uti ese uyu Snowden yaba yarakoze iki kugira abashe kuba yashakishwa cyane nigihugu cya Amerika ? Nibyo tugiye kurebera hamwe muri sobanukirwa yuyu munsi.
Edward Snowden igihe gito yakoranye na NSA, yaje kuvumbura ko hari ibintu NSA ikora mubwihisho abaturage ba Amerika batabizi.Edward Snowden mu kazi ke yaje kuba yahura n’inyandiko ndetse n’ibikoresho byerekanaga gahunda leta ya Amerika yari ifite kw’isi yose yokuneka buri gihugu cyose cyo ku isi. Kuva icyo gihe , Edward Snowden akaba ari umww mu bantu bashakishijwe cyane n’igihugu cyamerika kubera gushyira amabanga y’umutekano wacyo hanze. Gusa ushobora guhita wibaza uti ese izo nyandiko yashyize hanze zarizirimo ibiki?
Mbere na mbere izo nyandiko zagaragazagako NSA yari ifite Porogaramu yitwa Prism. Iyo porogaramu ikaba yarafashaga guverinoma kuba yabona amakuru yihariye y’abantu iyakura mu ma company akomeye nka Google, Apple na Facebook. Hakiyongeraho kandi ko guverinoma yabashaga kuba yakusanya muburyo bwibanya records za telephone zabantu milliyoni bose bakoresha umuyoboro wa Verizon kandi abo bantu batabizi. Kandi aha guverinoma ntabwo yarebaga amabanga y’abagizi ba nabi gusa ahubwo yarebaga amabanga yose ya buri mwenegihugu.
Byongeye kandi , muri izo nyandiko zashyizwe hanze zose kuri paji ya 18 igaragaza urutonde rw’ibitero bikorerwa kuri murandasi (Cyber attacks) Obama yaba yarategetse abashinzwe ubutasi kuba bagaba kubindi bihugu. Izo nyandiko kandi zagaragazagako NSA yabashaga kuba yakwinjira (Hacking) muri mudasobwa zabaga ziri muri Hongkong mugihugu cy’ubushinwa, ibyo bitero byose byagabagwa kubigo bya gisirikare.
Inyandiko zabashijwe kuba zashyirwa hanze na Edward Snowden zagaragajeko Guverinoma ya Amerika yabashije kuba yagenzura burikimwe cyose umuyobozi w’igihugu cy’Ubudage muri icyo gihe Angela Merkel yakoreraga kuri Telephone ye igendanwa.Izo nyandiko kandi zaje kugaragazako icyicaro gikuru cya Leta gishinzwe itumanaho mu Bwongereza Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) cyabashaga kuba cyakora ubugenzuzi rusange kubaturage bacyo. Tutibagiweko kandi NSA na GCHQ zombi zabashije kuba zaganira uburyo zabeshya, harimo gukoresha propaganda, kohereza message kubantu benshi, nogukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga kugirango babashe kuba bayobya abantu. Mubyukuri abayobozi bashinzwe iperereza bakaba baravuzeko Edward Snowden yabashije kuba yabatwara Dosiye zingana na million 2.
Ushobora guhita wibaza uti ese yaba yarabashije gutwara dosiye zingana zityo ate?
Nigute yaba yarabashije kuba yanyereza inyadiko zifite amakuru nkayo ayakuye mukigo gifite umutekano ukomeye cyane adafashwe?Snowden ntabwo yakoresheje porogaramu runaka cyangwa ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri hacking. Ushobora kubyemera cyangwa ntubyemere ariko we yivugiyeko izo nyandiko zose yazitwaye yifashishije Flash gusa. Ariko ntibisobanuyeko byari byoroshye. Snowden yagombaga gutegura yitonze uburyo bwose azabasha gutwara izo nyandiko adafashwe. Gusa yari afite ibintu bitatu byamufashije muri icyo gihe.
Icyambere: Aho yaraherereye
Snowden yari afitanye amasezerano na NSA na sosiyete yitwa Booz | Allen | Hamilton. Muri icyo gihe yakoreraga muri Hawai, kubirometero bisaga ibihumbi bitanu uvuye kucyicaro gikuru cya NSA muri Maryland. Kandi akaba yari inyuma yabo amasaha agera kuri Atandatu. Ni ukuvugako igihe abandi bakoreraga kucyicaro cya NSA I Maryland babaga bavuye kukazi , Snowden we umunsi wakazi wabaga ugeze hagati ni ukuvugako muri icyo gihe yabaga afite umwanya wokuba yakora ibyo ashaka muri ayo masaha bitewe n’ahantu yakoreraga kohari hatandukanye naho icyicaro cya NSA kiri.
Icyakabiri: Thin Client System
Snowden yari afite uburyo bwo kuba yakoresha Server yicyicaro gikuru cya NSA akoresheje Sisitemu ya mudasobwa yitwa Thin Client. Ushobora guhita wibaza uti ese Thin Client ni iki? Ni mudasobwa iha uburenganzi umu users uburyo bwo kuba yagera kuma files runaka ari kuri server bitewe n’umwirondoro afite. Ni ukuvugako nk’umu user usanzwe ashobora kuba afite ububasha bwokuba yasoma ayo ma file gusa. Ariko nkumu user wa Admin akaba ashobora kuba afite ububasha bwokuba yasoma ayo ma files ndetse akaba yanabasha kuba yagira icyo ayahinduraho.
Snowden kandi ntabwo yari umu user usanzwe nk’abandi bose bakoreraga NSA ahubwo yari System Administrator wa NSA, Bitandukanye n’abandi ba user kuberako bo hari ububasha batari bafite kuma files runaka. Ni ukuvugako muri icyo gihe Snowden we yarafite ububasha burenze ubw’abandi bakozi ba NSA mubijyanye no gukoresha mudasobwa. Kurwego rwe nka System Administrator yari afite ubushobozi bwokuba yakwinjira muri System nkundi mu user akaba yakoresha system ibyo ashatse byose ntibigaragare ko ariwe wabashije kuba yakora ibyo byose.
Icya Gatatatu: Job Profile
Nka System Administrator Snowden yari afite uburenganzira bwokuba yakoresha Flash( thumb drive). Yashoboraga kuba yakora copy yama files kuva kuri mudasobwa imwe akaba yayashyira kuyindi mudasobwa ntakibazo. Nyuma yogukorana na NSA igihe kingana n’ukwezi kumwe muri Hawaii, Snowden yahisemo ko igihe kigezeko kugirango isi imenye ibyo NSA ikora mubwihisho. Ariko yaraziko nabivuga gusa ntamuntu uzapfa kubyemera ntagihamya. Akaba ariyo mpamvu yashyize ama files kuri flash disks nka gihamye izagaragaza ibyo NSA ikorera mubwihisho. Snowden amaze kuba yabasha kuba yabika ayo ma files yose ,kumunsi ukurikiyeho yaje kuba yasaba ikiruhuko avugako arwaye igicuri. Muri icyo gihe cyose yamaze mukiruhuko ntabwo yajyaga afata telephone, Ndetse igihe ikiruhuko yari yasabye kirangiye ntabwo yaje kuba yasubira kukazi , Abayobozi ba NSA bamaze kubonako adafata telephone kandi akaba ataranasubiye kukazi baketseko hari ibitagenda neza.
Icyo gihe Snowden yaje kuba yava muri Huwaii yerekeza I Hongkong , akaba yaraje kuba yahura n’abanyamakuru babiri bizewe, Glenn Greenwald, na Laura poitras, maze abaha inkuru zizahindura uburyo abantu babonaga Guverinoma ya Amerika ubuziraherezo. Snowden kuba yaraje Gushyira amabanga ya NSA hanze bikaba byarateje impaka kubijyanye n’imbaraga NSA ifite ku isi yose. Gusa ibi byose bikaba byararangiye ashinjwa kwiba umutungo w’igihugu, ubugambanyi, ndetse no gutanga amakuru y’igihugu kubantu badafite uburenganzira bwokuba bamenya ayo makuru. N’ubwo igihugu cya Amerika cyashize imbaraga mu ifatwa rye igihe yarari muri Hongkong , Snowden akaba yarabashije kuba yafata indege aza kwerekeza mu Burusiya.
Snowden akigera mu gihugu cy’Uburusiya akaba yaraje kuba yahabwa ubuhungiro nyuma yuko Vladimir Putin avuzeko nta masezerano igihucye gifitanye na Amerika , Ariko Putin yavuzeko Snowden yakoze nabi mu guhishura amabanga y’Amerika. Snowden mbere yuko abona ubuhungiro mu gihugu cy’Uburusiya yavuzeko yari yagerageje gusaba ubuhungiro mu bihugu birenga 21 harimo n’igihugu cy’Ubwongereza. Yanavuzeko kandi ibihugu byose yasabye ubwo buhungiro, byose byirinze kumuha igisubizo.
Amaherezo ,Snowden yaje kuba yahabwa uburenganzira bwo gutura burundu mu gihugu cy’Uburusiya mu 2020.
Mu kwezi kwa 9 umwaka 2020, Putin ubwe akaba yarahaye Snowden ubwenegihugu bw’Uburusiya kumugaragaro.Mugihe abantu bamwe bamufata nk’umuhemu, hari abandi benshi babarirwa muri za miriyoni bemeza ko ari intwari kubwo gushyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga no gushyira ahagaragara ibikorwa by’ibanga Amerika, Ubwongereza ndetse n’abafatanya bikorwa babo bakorera mu bwihisho.
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