White-hat hackers vs Black-hat hackers. Hano tugiye kurebera hamwe aba hacker 10 bambere babayeho mu mateka y’isi ndetse nibyo barimo gukora muri ino minsi.
Ntabwo aba hacker bose ari babi. Aba bana beza bazwi kwizina rya “White-hat hackers” m’ukinyarwanda ugenekereje bisobanura aba Hacker b’ingofero z’imyeru bo bakoresha ubumenyi bafite kugira babashe kuba bakongera umutekano waza mudasobwa ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho byose bikoresha murandasi.
Hakaza n’bandi bo bakora ibyerekeye Hacking bishimisha gusa bakaba bazwi kw’izina rya “Gray-hat Hackers’.
Ushobora kuba urigutekereza kuri bamwe bakora ibitandukanye n’amategeko agenda murandasi kw’isi yose ndetse no mugihugu baherereyemo bo bazwi kw’izina rya “Black hat hackers”.
Hano tugiye kurebera hamwe urutonde rw’aba hackers 10 bambere mumateka Yisi
10.Anonymous
Anonymous ni ihuriro ry’aba hacker benshi bokwisi yose bishyize hamwe cyane cyane bakora ibikorwa birwanya ubutegetsi bumwe na bumwe bakaba bazwiho cyane kugaba ibitero kuri murandasi barwanya ubutegetsi bumwe na bumwe mukurwanya ututegetsi mvuga si uguhirika ubutegetsi runaka ahubwo bo babasha kwinjira mu mabanga y’ubutegetsi bumwe na bumwe bakabasha gushyira ibikorwa bibangamira cyangwa bikandamiza abaturage bo rero babasha kubyiba bakabishyira ahagaragara.
Nkuko tubibonye haruguru Anonymous ntabwo ari umuntu umwe kugiti cye ahubwo ni ihuriro ryabantu benshi. Buri wese ashobora gukora burikimwe mu izina ryabo ahoy aba aherereye hose kw’isi.
Ese baba barakoze iki?
Guhera uyu muryango washingwa mu 2003.Aba Anonymous bashinjwa kuba bara hackinze ama kompanyi akomeye kwisi nka Amazon,Paypal,Sony, Guverinoma ya Australia, Ubuhinde, Syria ndetse na USA.
Ese ubu barabarizwa he?
Anonymous kugeza nokuri iyi saha urimo gusoma iyi nkuru baracyahari kandi baracyakora .ariko dusubiye inyuma muwi 2011 muri uyu mwaka Anonymous ikaba yaraje kubyara andi ma group abiri ariyo :LulzSec na AntiSec.Reka tujye kumwanya wa 9.
9.Guccifer 2.0
Ese Guccifer 2.0 Ninde? Ni muntu ki? Ntamintu numwe ubizi . ashobora kuba ari umuntu cumutwe wabantu benshi ariko witwara nkaho ari umuntu umwe kuri murandasi. Ariko irizina rya Guccifer ryaririfitwe numu hacker wo muri Romania wagerageje kenshi kuba yashaka kuba yakwinjirira Leta ya Amerika.
Uyu Guccifer wo muri Romania akaba yarafashwe akaza noguhabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 4 muri gereza .
Ariko reka dukomeze turebere hamwe aho Guccifer 2.0 icyo yaje gukora.
Ese Guciffer 2.0 yakoze iki?
Mumwaka 2016 mugihe cyamatora y’umukuru wigihugu cya USA, Democratic Nation Convention yaje kuba yahakingwa . Ama dosier agera kbihumbi n’ibihumbi yaba yaribwe akabasha kuba yashyirwa kurubuga rwa WikiLeaks nahandi henshi. Abantu benshi bemezagako ari Guccifer 2.0 yabikoze kandi akaba ari aba Russian. Ariko Interview bagiranye nitangazamakuru bahakanyeko ari aba Russian ahubwo bakomoka muri Romania
Ese muri aka kanya baba barihe.
Guccifer 2.0 bakaba barabuze mbere yuko haba amatora y’umukuru w;igihugu cya USA.
Mukwezi kwa Mutarama 2017 baje kwivugirako ntaho bahuriye n’ubutasi bwaba Russia guhera icyo gihe bakaba batarongera kugaragara kuri murandasi kugeza kuri uyu munsi.
8.Julian Assange
Julian Assange yatangiye hacking afite imyaka 16 azwi kwizina rya “Mendax”. Nyuma y’imyaka 4 gusa yabashije kuba yakwinjira mumabanga y’ibihugu byinshi muri iyo myaka 4 yabashije kuba yakwinjirira Pentagon,NASA ,Stanford University ndetse n’ibindi bigo byinshi.
Ese Julian Assange yaba yarakoze iki?
Assange yakoze urubuga rwa WikiLeaks mu mwaka 2006 nk’urubuga rucishaho amakuru y’ibanga ariko aba yaribwe hakoreshejwe murandasi ariko ayo makuru akaba yatanzwe n’abantu batazwi. Leta ya Amerika ikaba yaratangije iperereza kuri Julian Assange muwi 2010 bamushinga ibikorwa by’ubutasi yaba yarakoze muwi 1917.
Ese ubu Julian Assange Arabarizwahe?
Nyuma yokuba muri amasade ya Ecuador mu Bwongereza guhera mu 2021 kugeza 2019. Mu mwaka wa 2019 nibwo Julian Assange yaje gufungwa ubu akaba afungiwe mugihugu cy’Ubwongereza.
7.Loyd Blankenship
Loyd Blankenship, uzwi kwizina rya “Mentor” mubijyanye na hacking, yabaye umu hacker guhera muwi 1970. Akaba yarabaye umwe mubagiye imitwe y’aba hacker menshi muminsi yashize, umutwe waba hacker uzwi cyane yabayemo witwa Legion of Doom(LOD).
Robert Tappan Morris akaba yarakuye ubumenyi kubijyanye na computer kuri se umubyara Robert Morris, Akaba yarabaye umuhanga mubijyanye na Mudasobwa akaba yarakoreye Bell Labs ndetse na NSA. Morris akaba azwiho ko ariwe muntu wambere wakoze virus yataka mudasobwa izwi kwizina rya Worm.
Mu 1988 yakoze Morris Worm igihe yari umu nyeshuri muri University ya Cornell University.
5. Gary MicKinnon
Garry McKinnon uzwi kwizina rya “Solo” kuri murandasi akaba ariwe mu hacker wambere uzwiho kuba yarinjiriye mudasobwa za gisirikare.
Mugihe kingana n’amezi 13 Guturuka mukwezi kwa Gashyantare 2001 kugeza muri Werurwe 2002 McKinnon akaba yarabashije kwinjira muri mudasobwa 97 z’aba sirikare b’Amerika ndetse niza NASA
4. Kelvin Poulsen
Kelvin Poulsen uzwi kw’izina rya “Dark Dante” akaba yaramenyekanye cyane mugukoresha telephone akaba yatsindira ibihembo bimwe nabimwe. Akaba yarbashije kuba ya hacking phone zo kuri radio akabasha kuba yakwishyiraho nk’umunyamahirwe wo gutsindira ibihembo . akaba yarabashije gutsindira imodoka nshya yo mubwoko bwa Porshe akoresheje ubwo buryo.
Poulsen akaba yaragiye kurutonde rwabantu bashakishwa na FBI ubwo yabashaka gu hackinga FBI akiba amwe mumabanga y’ubutasi akaba yaraje gufatwa agakatirwa igifungo kingana n’amezi 51 ndetse nihazabu y’ibuhumbi 56 by’amadollari ya Amerika, akimara gufungurwa akaba yaraje kuba umu Nyamakuru ubu akaba yandika no kukinyamakuru cyandika kubyerekeye ikorana b’uhanga cya Wired.
3 .Albert Gonzalez
Albert Gonzalez ni umwe muba hacker bakataraboneka kwisi. Akaba yaratangiye ari umuyobozi w’umutwe w’aba hacker uzwi kw’izina rya ShadoeCrew. Icyo gikundi kibaba cyarikizwiho kwiba ndetse no kugurisha amakarita ya banki, kugurisha passport zimpimbano ndetse n’ibyemezo by’amavuko kuri murandasi.
Albert Gonzalez akaba yaramenyekanye cyanye ubwo ubwe wenyine yabashije kuba yakwiba Credit Card ndetse na ATM Card zigera kuri million 170 mugihe kingana nimyaka 2 gusa.
Gonzalez akaba yarafashwe akaza gukatirwa igifungo kingana n’imyaka 20 mugihome . bikaba biteganijweko azafungurwa mumwaka 2025.
2.Jonathan James
Jonathan James uzwi kwizina rya “c0mrade”. Akaba yaratangiye gu hacking akiri muto cyane akaba yarabashije kwinjira muri network rusange ndetse niza government akaba yarajyanjywe muri gereza akiri umwana muto .
James akaba yarabashije gu hacking NASA akabasha kuba yakwiba(kumanura) code zifite agaciro Kangana na million 1.7 y’amadollari y’Amerika. NASA imaze kubimenya ikaba yarazimije network yabo igihe kingana nibyumweru 3 barikwiga kumuntu waba wabinjiriye.
Ubu James akaba atakiriho akaba yaraje kwiyahura kuberako mumwaka 2007 hari company ikomeye cyane yahoraga igabwaho ibitero byokuri murandasi , mu 2008 iyo kompanyi yaje gushinja James ko abifitemo uruhare nuko James we ahitamo kwiyahura avugako atakwemera guhanirwa ibyaha atigeze akora.
Reka noneho tujye Kumwanya Wambere.
1.Kevin Mitnick
Uwo dusanga kumwanya wambere kuri uru Rutonde ntawundi ni Kevin Mitnick
Urwego rw’ubutabera mur USA rukaba rwaramwise “Umunyabyaha ruharwa ukora ibyaha yifashishije murandasi ndetse na mudasobwa kwisi”.
Amaze kumara igihe kingana n’umwaka muri gereza maramurekuye ariko bamurekura bamuhaye igihe kingana n’imyaka 3 acungishijwe ijisho. Ariko icyo gifungo kigiye kurangira neza neza akaba yarongeye aga hacking. Akaba yaraje kuba yakongera gufatwa akatirwa igifungo kingana n’imyaka 5 mu gihome amaze kumara iyo myaka yararekuwe aba umu consultant, akaba anigisha kubijyanye n’ubwirinzi kubyerekeye mudasobwa ndetse na murandasi, Ubu akaba yarashinze company yotwa Mitnick Security Consulting,LLC
Wakunze ibyo twanditse kora share unasangize n’incuti zawe ndetse n’nabavandimwe.
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